Psychometric properties of the Eating Attitudes Test-26 in Spanish schoolchildren.

INTRODUCTION: Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviours (DEABs) can impact both the mental and physical health of children. Early detection is crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) is a widely used, cost-effective tool for assessing DEABs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the EAT-26 by analysing its factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, and measurement invariance across sexes in Spanish schoolchildren. METHOD: Validation study in a sample of 718 schoolchildren. The sample was randomly divided into 2 groups, each with 359 participants, and we carried out an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the instrument. Subsequently, we assessed the internal consistency by means of the ordinal alpha, the convergent validity with the SCOFF questionnaire and the measurement invariance across the sexes. RESULTS: The results of the EFA and CFA supported a multidimensional structure of the EAT comprising 6 factors and 21 items. These factors underlie a second-order model of DEABs. The internal consistency was adequate for most factors. The SCOFF questionnaire showed a moderate convergent validity for most of the EAT-21 factors. We found measurement invariance across the sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The abbreviated EAT-21 scale exhibited modest and promising psychometric properties, making it a suitable instrument for assessing DEABs in both sexes in educational settings.

Propiedades psicométricas del Eating Attitudes Test-26 en escolares españoles / Psychometric properties of the Eating Attitudes Test-26 in Spanish schoolchildren

Introducción: Las Actitudes y los Comportamientos Alimentarios Desordenados (DEAB, por sus siglas en inglés) pueden afectar tanto a la salud mental como física en los niños/as. Su detección temprana es crucial para prevenir complicaciones y mejorar las posibilidades de recuperación. El Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) es una herramienta ampliamente utilizada para evaluar las DEAB debido a su costo/efectividad.ObjetivoEvaluar las propiedades psicométricas del EAT-26, analizando la estructura factorial, la consistencia interna, la validez convergente e invarianza de medida entre ambos sexos en escolares españoles.MétodoEstudio instrumental con una muestra de 718 escolares. La muestra se dividió aleatoriamente en 2 grupos, cada uno con 359 participantes, realizando un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC). Posteriormente, se estimó la consistencia interna con el alfa ordinal, la validez convergente con el cuestionario SCOFF y la invarianza de medida entre ambos sexos.ResultadosLos hallazgos del AFE y AFC respaldaron una estructura multidimensional del EAT, compuesta por 6 factores y 21 ítems. Estos factores subyacen en un modelo de segundo orden de las DEAB. La consistencia interna fue suficiente para la mayoría de los factores. Se mostró una validez convergente moderada con el cuestionario SCOFF para la mayoría de los factores. Se alcanzó una invarianza estricta entre ambos sexos. (AU)

Introduction: Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviours (DEABs) can impact both the mental and physical health of children. Early detection is crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) is a widely used, cost-effective tool for assessing DEABs.ObjectiveTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the EAT-26 by analysing its factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, and measurement invariance across sexes in Spanish schoolchildren.MethodValidation study in a sample of 718 schoolchildren. The sample was randomly divided into two groups, each with 359 participants, and we carried out an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the instrument. Subsequently, for the total sample, we assessed the internal consistency by means of the ordinal alpha, the convergent validity with the SCOFF questionnaire and the measurement invariance between the sexes.ResultsThe results of the EFA and CFA supported a multidimensional structure of the EAT comprising six factors and 21 items. These factors underlie a second-order model of DEABs. The internal consistency was adequate for most factors. The SCOFF questionnaire showed a moderate convergent validity for most factors. We found strict invariance across the sexes. (AU)

Psychometric Properties of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Scale in a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults.

Background: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a set of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms (GS) with great psychobiological complexity. The appearance of FGIDs harms quality of life and drains medical resources. Methods: Psychometric properties of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Scale (GSSS) based on Rome IV criteria were examined in a sample of 1247 individuals with typical development. Observations were randomly divided into two subsets, namely, subsample 1 (n = 624) and subsample 2 (n = 623). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed with data from subsample 1, whilst confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed with data from subsample 2. Internal consistency of the scale was assessed for the whole dataset according to ordinal alpha, whilst four-week reliability was measured according to the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Measurement invariance as a function of sex was also examined, and discriminant-convergent validity of the GSSS was examined through hypothesis testing. Results: EFA revealed a two-factor structure with a moderate percentage of explained variance (51.3%), whilst CFA exhibited an excellent fit of the data to the model. A one-factor CFA model demonstrated an acceptable but slightly lower fit. Internal consistency was moderate and test-retest reliability was deemed adequate. Metric invariance was demonstrated as a function of sex. Hypothesis testing demonstrated strong convergent-discriminant validity with measures of sensory sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and pain. Conclusions: The GSSS is a tool with acceptable and promising psychometric properties when administered to neurotypical adolescents and young adults. The self-report GSSS may promote better understanding of GS involvement in the gut microbiota-brain axis in the general population.

Development and validation of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Scale in Spanish children and adolescents.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are characterized by chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms (GS) that are not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. FGIDs are related to lower quality of life, increased demands on medical resources, and greater somatization and emotional instability. Furthermore, GS appears to be an indicator of dysbiosis in gut-microbiota, affecting the gut-microbiota-brain relationship. To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a new instrument called the Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Scale (GSSS) using a web-based survey in a sample of neurotypical children and adolescents from Spain. Instrument development and validation processes were applied to the GSSS following its administration as part of an online survey. The sample included 1242 neurotypical children and adolescents. The mean age of participants was 13.95 years, with a standard deviation of 1.37 years. Overall, 13.8% suffered infectious diarrhea, 12.6% suffered abdominal pain, 5% suffered dyspepsia and 2.6% suffered gastro-esophageal reflux. A single-factor model produced good fit indices. Furthermore, internal consistency and test-retest reliability outcomes were acceptable. The GSSS was found to have acceptable metric measurement invariance. Significant correlations with other instruments were produced and were of expected direction and magnitude, confirming scale validity for hypothesis testing.     Conclusions: The GSSS shows promising psychometric properties for assessing GS in neurotypical Spanish adolescents and children. What is Known: • To the best of our knowledge, instruments assessing the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in children and adolescents are still too few. What is New: • The GSSS shows promising psychometric properties for assessing GS in neurotypical adolescents and children. The GSSS may help improve understanding of GS involvement in the gut-brain microbiota axis in children and adolescents.

A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Therapies Used by Nurses in Children Undergoing Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify non-pharmacological pain relief therapies in children undergoing surgery. DESIGN AND DATA SOURCES: Using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings and "Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud" we searched for articles in the Web of Science, Scopus, Cuiden, PubMed, and CINHAL databases from the last five years, and performed a reverse search. We assessed the documentary quality of the articles using various standardized instruments. RESULTS: The final review included eleven studies. In terms of cognitive-behavioral techniques, there is evidence that both music and video therapy are effective in reducing postoperative pain in children in seven studies, and therapeutic play in five studies. Other methods used less frequently but found to be effective included laughter therapy in one study and deep breathing in another. Regarding physical methods of pain relief, massage was found to be an effective non-pharmacological therapy for reducing pediatric postoperative pain in two studies and ineffective in another. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we highlight the importance of non-pharmacological therapies in pediatric postoperative pain management. Cognitive-behavioral techniques, especially music therapy, video therapy, and therapeutic play, reduce pediatric postoperative pain. They are therefore effective therapies that nurses can use in this area. Further research into the effectiveness of storytelling is necessary, as the evidence is not entirely conclusive. More evidence is also needed on physical methods of pain relief, particularly massage.

Factors associated with non-urgent presentations in the paediatric emergency department using Andersen's behavioural model: A cross-sectional descriptive study.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the rate of NUPs and associated factors in the PED of the 'Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe' in Valencia (Spain) using Andersen's Behavioural Model. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using Andersen's Behavioural Model in parents visiting the PED with their children at the 'Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe' in Valencia (Spain). RESULTS: The study involved a total of 530 participants, of whom 419 (79%) had made an NUP. The predisposing factors identified were: (I) paediatric patients brought in by their fathers (OR = 0.460; p = 0.005), (II) lower educational attainment (OR = 3.841; p = 0.000), (III) first-time parenthood (OR = 2.335; p = 0.000) and (IV) higher parental stress (OR = 1.974; p = 0.023). The enabling factors included: (I) responsibility for a significant part of the childcare shared with others (OR = 0.348; p = 0.041) and (II) the perception that PEDs provide better care than primary care (PC) services (OR = 1.628; p = 0.005). The need factors were: (I) existing chronic illness in the child seeking care (OR = 0.343; p = 0.000) and (II) the perceived severity of the urgency (OR = 0.440; p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: The NUP rates found in this study are similar to those found internationally. In accordance with Andersen's Behavioural Model, we identify predisposing, enabling and need factors to explain the multifactorial nature of NUPs in PEDs. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Identifying the factors associated with NUPs enables interventions to be targeted at those groups most likely to engage in NUPs, thereby optimising the functioning of the PED and improving the well-being of children and families. These interventions should focus on improving parental health literacy, providing education on making appropriate decisions about accessing health services and recognising severe symptoms in children, as well as improving access to high-quality PC services. Providing support to parents during the transition to parenthood would also be beneficial. REPORTING METHOD: This paper adheres to the STROBE initiative guidelines. CONTRIBUTION FROM PATIENTS OR MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC: Participants, who voluntarily agreed to take part, contributed to the study by completing a paper-based questionnaire containing all the study variables as prepared by the research team.

Psychometric properties of parental stress scales used in paediatric health care settings: A systematic review1.

AIM: To identify scales that assess parental stress in the paediatric clinical population and to analyse their psychometric properties. METHODS: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus) and metasearch engines (Google Scholar and Open Grey) were searched with no time period limitations. Methodological quality was assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) and quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach modified by COSMIN. Finally, recommendations were made for the instruments with the highest quality of evidence. RESULTS: A total of 38 studies reporting on 11 different instruments for assessing parental stress in the paediatric clinical setting were included. Six instruments were 'A' rated (recommended) in the final phase in line with COSMIN guidelines. The Paediatric Inventory for Parents was the instrument that evaluated the highest number of psychometric properties and obtained the highest methodological quality, global assessment, and quality of evidence for the different psychometric properties. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review provides an overview of the measurement properties of the parental stress instruments used in the paediatric clinical setting. The Paediatric Inventory for Parents stands out as being one of the most robust instruments for measuring stress in parents with a hospitalised or sick child. Evidence needs to be generated for all the parental stress scales used in the clinical setting. IMPACT: Given that the psychometric properties of the existing parental stress scales used in paediatric health care settings have not been systematically assessed, the present review utilised comprehensive methods according to COSMIN. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: REPORTING METHOD: PRISMA statement and COSMIN reporting guidelines for studies on measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures.

A descriptive cross-sectional study on eating disorders, suicidal thoughts, and behaviors among adolescents in the Valencian community (Spain). The pivotal role of school nurses.

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were: 1) to describe the rates of risk of having an Eating Disorder (ED) and the rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and 2) to examine the relationship between the risk of having an ED with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescents enrolled in educational centers in the Community of Valencia (Spain). DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 718 adolescents between September 2019 and July 2020 in five schools in the Community of Valencia (Spain). RESULTS: The adolescents studied, mostly females, are at risk of having an ED (18.6% to 30.8%) and experiencing suicidal thoughts (23% to 30.7%) and behaviors (2.2% to 6.2%). A strong association was found between EDs and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in both sexes. This association was higher in females with positive EAT-26 scores (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.35-3.24) and in males with positive SCOFF scores (OR: 4.66; 95% CI: 2.40-9.02). Suicidal behaviors were positively associated with both EAT-26 (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.17-5.67) and SCOFF (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.21-2.26) scores in females. CONCLUSIONS: A considerable number of adolescents, females in particular, are at risk of having an ED and of experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors, establishing a strong link between EDs and suicidal tendencies. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The study highlights the importance of establishing national and regional regulations to ensure the availability of school nurses in the Community of Valencia (Spain). Collaboration between school nurses, educators, and policy makers is critical to the early detection of problems and the provision of support to both adolescents and families.

Factor structure and validity of the Parental Competence Questionnaire in the Paediatric Hospital Emergency Setting (ECP-U).

OBJECTIVE: To confirm the structure and examine the psychometric properties of the Parental Competence Questionnaire in the Paediatric Hospital Emergency Setting (ECP-U). METHODS: An instrumental validation study of the ECP-U questionnaire and an examination of its psychometric properties were carried out. RESULTS: The participants were 260 mothers and fathers seeking care in the paediatric emergency department of a hospital in Valencia (Spain) with children aged 0 to 14 years old. The five-factor structure of the ECP-U was confirmed with excellent statistical fits. Second-order models and a more parsimonious four-factor structure with adequate but marginal fits are proposed. With the exception of the "parental agency" factor (in both models examined) and the "active social support" factor (in the original five-factor structure), the internal consistency of the different factors was modest (≥ 0.70). A negative correlation was found between the Parental Stress Scale and the ECP-U for most factors. CONCLUSIONS: Validity and reliability analyses indicate that the ECP-U is an instrument with modest psychometric properties. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The ECP-U is an instrument that can be used by future researchers to identify different levels of parental competence in paediatric hospital emergency departments. This will enable help to be given to families with parenting issues and problems. The underlying concern is to reduce the number of frequent users and "Non-Urgent Presentations" to paediatric emergency departments due to low parental competence.

Factors associated with frequent users in hospital paediatric emergency departments: A single centre study in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Over the last decade, the demand for hospital paediatric emergency departments (PEDs) has been on the rise. Studies have been carried out in adults, but in paediatrics, and in Spain, they are few and far between. In order to develop interventions to alleviate this problem, it is necessary to understand the factors that predispose people to use these services. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with frequent users of PEDs in Spain. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted between September 2021 and December 2022 in the PED of a referral hospital in Spain. RESULTS: There were 530 participants, 12.07% of whom were frequent users. There was an indirect association between frequent use and having a secondary level of education (OR = 0.282, p = 0.002). The factors which were directly associated included: perceived urgency (OR = 10.209, p = 0.002) and the perception that PEDs provide better care than primary care (PC) (OR = 2.664, p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of frequent users is comparable with international levels. As a strategy to reduce the frequency of visits, health interventions are needed to ensure that parents know how to correctly interpret their children's symptoms and are well informed about the recommended flow of care.

Development and validation of a parental competence questionnaire in the paediatric hospital emergency setting (ECP-U).

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a parental competence questionnaire for parents of children seeking care in hospital emergency departments. METHODS: An instrumental study of the development of an assessment questionnaire was carried out in three phases: 1) review of relevant measures and item generation, 2) content validity evaluation, 3) psychometric evaluation. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the factorial structure. Internal consistency was evaluated using ordinal alpha. Hypothesis testing was determined between the resulting factors, the Parental Stress Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS: The participants were 270 parents of children aged 0-14 years old from a referral hospital in Valencia (Spain). An 18-item questionnaire was developed, comprising five factors that explain 53.0% of the variance: 1) "emotional management and expression", 2) "passive social support", 3) "parental agency", 4) "basic needs and care" and 5) "active social support". The internal consistency for the different factors was modest (>0.70). A negative correlation between the Parental Stress Scale and the parental competence questionnaire was found for most of the factors. CONCLUSIONS: This questionnaire on parental competence in the hospital emergency department (ECP-U) is a useful and simple self-report instrument for assessing the parental competence of parents with children in the emergency department. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The resulting questionnaire is of practical value to both healthcare professionals and researchers in this field. It can be administered quickly in clinical practice and used to identify parents' levels of parental competence and refer those with difficulties to appropriate support services.

The Parental Stress Scale: Psychometric Properties in Pediatric Hospital Emergency Setting.

Parental psychological distress has been identified as a predisposing factor in attendance at and the inappropriate use of hospital pediatric emergency departments (PEDs). The aim of the study was to validate the Parental Stress Scale (PSS), a 12-item Spanish scale, in parents seeking care at PEDs. The study involved 270 participants with a mean age of 37.9 (SD = 6.76) years, of which 77.4% were women. The properties of the PSS were analyzed. The scale showed adequate internal consistency for the different factors (0.80 for the "Stressors" factor and 0.78 for the "Baby's Rewards" factor) and optimal model fit (chi-square = 107.686; df = 53; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.028; 90% CI = 0.00-0.05). The 12-item Spanish version of the PSS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the stress levels of parents seeking care in PEDs.

Factors associated with the inappropriate use of the pediatric emergency department. A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric emergency department (PED) admissions have risen in recent years, a trend not justified by the severity of the pathologies presented. The aim of this study is to analyse factors related to the inappropriate use of pediatric emergency departments. METHODS: This is a systematic review reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct databases, using keywords extracted from MeSH, and conducted a reverse search using Google Scholar and Open Grey, for the period January 2017 to August 2022. The quality of the papers was assessed using STROBE, CASPe, AMSTAR-2, GRADE, Levels Of Evidence and Grades Of Recommendation. RESULTS: A total of 20 studies were selected. Factors related to inappropriate use included the younger age of children, black caregivers, lower socioeconomic status, lower parental educational attainment, perceived urgent demand for care, parental emotions in response to their children's health problems, psychological distress, the ineffective exercise of the parental role, the advantages of the PED and the nature of health insurance. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The results illustrate the heterogeneous nature of the phenomenon under investigation. Gaining an understanding of the factors related to the inappropriate demand of PEDs, from the perspective of health professionals, can help in developing interventions to reduce unnecessary consultations and relieve pressure on these healthcare services.

[Parental anxiety and associated factors in pediatric hospital emergencies, a cross-sectional descriptive study.] / Ansiedad parental y factores asociados en Urgencias pediátricas hospitalarias, un estudio descriptivo transversal.

OBJECTIVE: Pediatric hospital emergencies have increased hardly in the recent years, product of the irrational use and the over-massification. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anxiety and sociodemographic factors of the parents and mothers. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study on parental anxiety and associated factors in a pediatric hospital emergency service with sample n=200 fathers and mothers who demand care in a level 3 hospital in Valencia. (Spain), during march, april and may of 2019. It was estimated the reliability of the Anxiety Scale E-7 (STAI-E7). The data was obtained with a self-administrated and desired document for the purpose. Data related to the level of anxiety and possible predictive variables were collected. The analysis of the data obtained was performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program (SPSS, version 20.0 for Windows) and ordinal regression with the R commander program. RESULTS: The results show that 75.5% of the people who went to the hospital with their children were mothers and 24.5% were fathers. The mean score obtained regarding the level of anxiety in the sample is moderate (9.18±4.92). Mothers present higher levels of anxiety than fathers (9.7±4.8 and 7.5±5.1, respectively). The probability of experiencing a higher level of anxiety in mothers is multiplied by two (OR=2.286; 95% CI: 1.212-4.353; P=0.01) compared to parents. The STAI-E7 scale presents a good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.847). CONCLUSIONS: Mothers have higher levels of anxiety. It will be appreciated doing more studies to quantify the levels of parental anxiety, with the purpose of creating tools and programs to decrease it.

OBJETIVO: Las Urgencias hospitalarias pediátricas han aumentado notablemente en los últimos años, produciendo un uso irracional y la sobremasificación de las mismas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de ansiedad y los factores asociados en los padres y madres que acudían con sus hijos a Urgencias. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con una muestra de 200 padres y madres que demandaban asistencia en un hospital de nivel 3 de Valencia (España), durante los meses de marzo, abril y mayo de 2019. También se estimó la fiabilidad de la escala State-Trait Anxiety E-7 (STAI-E7). Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de un documento autoadministrado y diseñado para tal fin. Se recogieron datos relacionados con el nivel de ansiedad y las posibles variables predictoras relacionadas con los padres y con los niños. El análisis de los datos obtenidos se realizó mediante el programa estadístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, versión 20.0 para Windows) y la regresión ordinal con el programa estadístico R commander. RESULTADOS: Un 75,5% de las personas que acudieron con sus hijos a Urgencias hospitalarias eran madres y un 24,5% padres. La puntuación media obtenida respecto al nivel de ansiedad de la muestra fue moderada (9,18±4,92). Las madres presentaban cifras más elevadas que los padres (9,7±4,8 y 7,5±5,1, respectivamente). La probabilidad de sufrir un mayor nivel de ansiedad en las madres se multiplicaba por dos (OR=2,286; IC 95%: 1,212-4,353; P=0,01) respecto a los padres. La escala STAI-E7 presentó una buena consistencia interna (α de Cronbach=0,847). CONCLUSIONES: Las madres presentan cifras más elevadas de ansiedad. Se valora la necesidad de realizar más estudios para cuantificar los niveles de ansiedad parental en el ámbito de Urgencias, con el propósito de crear herramientas y programas para disminuirla.

Exposición y percepción de las enfermeras ante la violencia laboral en urgencias hospitalarias. Revisión sistemática / Nurses' exposure and perceptions of workplace violence in the emergency service. A systematic review

INTRODUCCIÓN: El departamento de urgencias hospitalarias, debido a sus características, es uno de los lugares donde mayor violencia laboral presentan sus profesionales. Por ello, el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la exposición de las enfermeras ante la violencia laboral en urgencias hospitalarias. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión sistemática realizada entre los años 2013-2018, a través de bases de datos y meta buscadores como LILACS, IBECS, Dialnet Plus, CUIDEN, Cuidatge, ENFISPO y PubMed. Se encontraron 145 artículos. Tras el proceso de selección se obtuvo una muestra final de 20 artículos. RESULTADOS: La incidencia de violencia fue diferente entre los diversos países estudiados, siendo la violencia verbal la más frecuente; las enfermeras más expuestas fueron las de menor antigüedad profesional y las más jóvenes. La demora asistencial fue la causa principal que la desencadenó. CONCLUSIONES: Las enfermeras son de los profesionales que más sufren violencia laboral, considerándola endémica en su lugar de trabajo. La formación de los profesionales y la implicación de los directivos es fundamental para disminuirla o erradicarla

INTRODUCTION: The hospital emergency department, due to its characteristics, is one of the places where more work-place violence occurs in their professionals. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess the exposure of nurses to workplace violence in hospital emergencies. METHODOLOGY: Systematic review conducted between 2013-2018, through databases and search engines such as LILACS, IBECS, Dialnet Plus, CUIDEN, Cuidatge, ENFISPO and PubMed. 145 articles were found. After the selection process a final sample of 20 articles is obtained. RESULTS: The incidence of violence was different among the various countries studied, with verbal violence being the most frequent; the most exposed nurses were the youngest professionals and the youngest. The delay in care was the main cause that triggered it. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses are one of the professionals who suffer more workplace violence, considering it endemic. The training of professionals and the involvement of managers is essential to reduce or eradicate it

Ansiedad parental y factores asociados en urgencias pediátricas hospitalarias, un estudio descriptivo transversal / Parental anxiety and associated factors in pediatric hospital emergencies, a cross-sectional descriptive study

OBJETIVO: Las Urgencias hospitalarias pediátricas han aumentado notablemente en los últimos años, produciendo un uso irracional y la sobremasificación de las mismas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de ansiedad y los factores asociados en los padres y madres que acudían con sus hijos a Urgencias. MEÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con una muestra de 200 padres y madres que demandaban asistencia en un hospital de nivel 3 de Valencia (España), durante los meses de marzo, abril y mayo de 2019. También se estimó la fiabilidad de la escala State-Trait Anxiety E-7 (STAI-E7). Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de un documento autoadministrado y diseñado para tal fin. Se recogieron datos relacionados con el nivel de ansiedad y las posibles variables predictoras relacionadas con los padres y con los niños. El análisis de los datos obtenidos se realizó mediante el programa estadístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, versión 20.0 para Windows) y la regresión ordinal con el programa estadístico R commander. RESULTADOS: Un 75,5% de las personas que acudieron con sus hijos a Urgencias hospitalarias eran madres y un 24,5% padres. La puntuación media obtenida respecto al nivel de ansiedad de la muestra fue moderada (9,18±4,92). Las madres presentaban cifras más elevadas que los padres (9,7±4,8 y 7,5±5,1, respectivamente). La probabilidad de sufrir un mayor nivel de ansiedad en las madres se multiplicaba por dos (OR=2,286; IC 95%: 1,212-4,353; P=0,01) respecto a los padres. La escala STAI-E7 presentó una buena consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach=0,847). CONCLUSIONES: Las madres presentan cifras más elevadas de ansiedad. Se valora la necesidad de realizar más estudios para cuantificar los niveles de ansiedad parental en el ámbito de Urgencias, con el propósito de crear herramientas y programas para disminuirla

OBJECTIVE: Pediatric hospital emergencies have increased hardly in the recent years, product of the irrational use and the over-massification. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anxiety and sociodemographic factors of the parents and mothers. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study on parental anxiety and associated factors in a pediatric hospital emergency service with sample n=200 fathers and mothers who demand care in a level 3 hospital in Valencia. (Spain), during march, april and may of 2019. It was estimated the reliability of the Anxiety Scale E-7 (STAI-E7). The data was obtained with a self-administrated and desired document for the purpose. Data related to the level of anxiety and possible predictive variables were collected. The analysis of the data obtained was performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program (SPSS, version 20.0 for Windows) and ordinal regression with the R commander program. RESULTS: The results show that 75.5% of the people who went to the hospital with their children were mothers and 24.5% were fathers. The mean score obtained regarding the level of anxiety in the sample is moderate (9.18±4.92). Mothers present higher levels of anxiety than fathers (9.7±4.8 and 7.5±5.1, respectively). The probability of experiencing a higher level of anxiety in mothers is multiplied by two (OR=2.286; 95% CI: 1.212-4.353; P=0.01) compared to parents. The STAI-E7 scale presents a good internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha=0.847). CONCLUSIONS: Mothers have higher levels of anxiety. It will be appreciated doing more studies to quantify the levels of parental anxiety, with the purpose of creating tools and programs to decrease it